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Insights

Notes from the research desk

Working notes on Indian market structure, options, and the methodology of testing strategies honestly.

18 Jun 2026
2 min read

Why most backtests lie — and what in-sample vs out-of-sample actually fixes

A strategy that looks brilliant on history has usually been fitted to it. The split between in-sample and out-of-sample data is the cheapest honesty test you can run.

#backtesting#validation#methodology
10 Jun 2026
2 min read

Reading FII and DII flows without fooling yourself

Daily provisional flow numbers are the most over-interpreted data in the Indian market. Here is what they can and can't tell you.

#market-structure#FII-DII#indian-markets
29 May 2026
2 min read

What the Put-Call Ratio actually tells you (and what it doesn't)

PCR is treated as a sentiment gauge with a fixed rulebook. It is really a context-dependent reading that means different things at different strikes and times.

#options#PCR#sentiment

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Markets carry substantial risk of loss. Past and backtested performance is no guarantee of future results. Trading-Sparks provides research, education and tools only — not financial advice, personal recommendations, or any guarantee of profit.